基于疲劳-蠕变载荷等效转换的涡轮盘载荷谱编制及寿命预测

针对雨流计数法在峰谷值提取时进行等值压缩,忽略保载时间的问题进行了改进,提出了一种基于损伤曲线的疲劳-蠕变载荷等效转换方法。利用非线性疲劳损伤累积函数和损伤等效原则,建立了不同应力水平、不同保载时间下疲劳-蠕变载荷与疲劳载荷之间的等效换算模型。利用涡轮盘材料试验数据,计算了不同循环加载条件下的等效换算比,得到了其随保载时间的变化规律。利用改进的雨流计数法,编制了航空发动机高压涡轮盘载荷谱,并将其与寿命-时间分数预测法相结合,得到了涡轮盘剩余寿命。结果表明,改进的雨流计数法综合考虑了疲劳-蠕变耦合损伤对涡轮盘寿命造成的影响,相比于传统雨流计数法,寿命预测误差降低了15.02%,验证了该方法的有效性。     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

提出了一种多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命预测方法.通过雨流计数法对各平面上的剪应变进行循环计数,以统计出的剪应变循环作为多轴疲劳损伤的主要控制参数,将各剪应变循环历程内对应的最大正应力和正应变变程作为多轴疲劳损伤的第二控制参数.根据多轴疲劳寿命模型计算出各平面上的损伤,以最大损伤平面作为多轴随机疲劳的临界平面,通过该临界平面上的损伤计算出多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命.采用SNCM630钢,304不锈钢和S45C钢3种金属材料的多轴随机疲劳试验数据对提出的寿命预测方法进行评估和验证.结果表明:疲劳寿命预测结果大都分布在试验结果的2倍分散带之内.     

雨流计数的递归算法

给出了疲劳分析中雨流计数法的另一种等效解释。在这个解释的基础上,提出了雨流计数的递归算法。该算法将包含多于一个应力峰值点的任意载荷 时间历程以两个谷值点为界分解成3个子段,每个子段用递归方法继续分解成3个更短的子段,直至每个子段仅包含一个峰值点或不包含峰值点为止。分解得到的仅包含一个峰值点的任意子段对应一个子循环,其应力的最大值和最小值在递归分解过程中可以同时算出。该算法不需像其他雨流计数算法那样在剔除局部子循环的峰、谷点数据后重新整理载荷 时间历程,也能保留各应力子循环出现的先后次序信息,且最先分离出来的可以是变程最大的应力循环。算法的缺点是不适合实时疲劳损伤计算,且算法在实现时需要计算机为其堆栈分配较多的存储器空间。     

Laser time transfer and its application in the Galileo programme

We are presenting the new instrument, new technology available and new measurement technique proposal for the Galileo programme – optical detector for the laser time transfer and one way laser ranging ground to space.     

Is there an instrumental drift in the counting rate of some high latitude neutron monitors?

For the last six decades the neutron monitors have provided a continuous string of very reliable data to the heliophysics community. Although neutron monitors are not the primary source of data for the galactic cosmic rays, these data serve as a baseline reference for the data collected by the detectors on board the satellites and deep space probes, far away from earth orbit. The pressure corrected hourly data are available from the World Data Centers. These data have been used to derive deep insights pertaining to the electromagnetic states of the heliosphere and the modes of transport of energetic charged particles in the tangled interplanetary magnetic fields. We present evidence that some of the high latitude neutron monitors are undergoing long-term drifts in their baselines. In particular, we argue that there is no physical basis to justify the observed long-term downward trend in the baseline of the South Pole neutron monitor. The real reason may have to do with its maintenance at a distant location with challenging logistics and an improper normalization of its data after the 26 months break in the 1970s.     

航空发动机载荷谱雨流计数法的改进算法

针对航空发动机寿命监控,为弥补四峰-谷值雨流计数法的不足,提出了等效载荷循环雨流计数法。该算法按时间顺序再现了载荷发生的全部过程,计算精度高,抗随机噪声干扰能力强,使得对载荷谱的分析更加准确。     

Fatigue life research and experimental verification of superalloy thin-walled structures subjected to thermal-acoustic loads

Rapid alternating stress is formed in structure subjected to harsh thermal-acoustic loads, which will affect fatigue performance and reduce fatigue life seriously. First, fatigue experiment of superalloy thin-walled structure was carried out to obtain fatigue damage location and failure time of the experiment specimen, and S-N curves of superalloy thin-walled structure at 723 K were fitted. Then, dynamic response simulation of superalloy thin-walled structure under the same load as experiment was implemented, and fatigue life was estimated based on the fatigue life prediction model which mainly included: improved rain-flow counting method, Morrow average stress model and Miner linear cumulative damage theory. Further, comparisons between simulation solutions and experimental results achieved a consistency, which verified the validity of the Fatigue Life Prediction Model (FLPM). Moreover, taking a rectangle plate as the analysis object, the distributions of Fain-low circulation blocks and damage levels of the structure were discussed respectively. Finally, current research indicates that in pre-buckling the structure is in softened area and fatigue life decreases with the increase of temperature; in post-buckling the structure is in hardened area and fatigue life increases with the increase of temperature within a certain range.     

高速热流下薄壁结构声振响应分析及寿命预估

现代飞行器飞行过程中发动机薄壁结构受高速热流冲击面临着极为严酷的工作环境,使结构产生大挠度动力学响应以及疲劳损伤破坏现象。为获取难以实测的热流冲击下结构声振响应规律及疲劳破坏时间,采用耦合有限元/边界元的方法进行数值模拟分析与热声疲劳试验相结合的方法,根据载荷效果构建与试验件尺寸完全一致的数值仿真模型,对热声载荷下薄壁结构进行仿真计算。采用功率谱密度（PSD）法分析频率响应峰值随声载荷变化规律,并通过改进的雨流计数法对声振响应数据进行统计分析,得到疲劳寿命时间。并对比声振响应仿真计算结果与试验结果发现误差小于2%,验证了数值仿真的可靠性。在此基础上,对高速热流冲击作用下薄壁结构进行数值仿真分析,通过分析频率响应峰值随温度和流速的变化规律获取不同温度各流速下结构声振响应及疲劳寿命变化规律,并阐述造成这种变化的原因。本文完成的工作可对高速热流环境下薄壁结构响应分析和寿命预估提供参考依据。     

Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

多通道高计数率单光子计数系统的设计与实现

光子计数探测具有极高的探测灵敏度，已成为大气探测激光雷达的主流探测手段。设计了一种基于FPGA的8通道高计数率单光子计数系统，提出了一种基于多相时钟过采样的光子脉冲检测方法，实现了2 ns的光子脉宽分辨率、200 MCPS的光子计数率、无死时间的连续多通道同步计数，具有高计数率、高实时性、高集成度的特点。系统已装备于北京遥测技术研究所研制的多波长拉曼偏振大气探测激光雷达中，在激光雷达大气遥感中发挥了重要作用。